Updated 14th April 2026
Which foods are high in vitamin D?
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Vitamin D is essential for bone health, immunity, and overall well-being, but nearly half the global population has deficient levels.
The best food sources are fatty fish, UV-exposed mushrooms, and eggs, with fortified foods and drinks also contributing.
While your body makes vitamin D from sunlight, this process is limited in northern climates between October and March.
A food-first approach combined with sensible sun exposure is ideal, with moderate supplementation during fall and winter if needed.
Vitamin D is unique among nutrients. Unlike other vitamins that we must get from food, your body can actually make vitamin D when your skin is exposed to sunlight.
It actually behaves more like a hormone than a vitamin, influencing everything from how your body absorbs minerals to how your immune cells communicate.
Despite our ability to make it ourselves, a recent study of 2.3 million people from 102 countries found that 47% had vitamin D levels below the commonly used threshold for deficiency.
Understanding which foods contain vitamin D can help keep your levels topped up, especially during the darker months when sunlight is limited.
Why is vitamin D important?
Vitamin D is best known for its role in bone health. Without it, your body can't effectively absorb calcium from the food you eat.
Over time, severe deficiency can lead to conditions like osteomalacia in adults (a painful bone disease) or rickets in children.
But vitamin D receptors are present on virtually all tissues in your body, suggesting it has roles far beyond bone health. Current research shows it's involved in:
Immunity: Regulating immune cell function and antimicrobial responses to help fight infections.
Metabolic function: Regulating cell growth and reducing systemic inflammation.
Neurological protection: Shielding brain cells from oxidative damage.
Muscle and skin health: Supporting muscle function and wound healing.
Where does vitamin D come from?
Sunlight is your body's main source of vitamin D. When your skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays, they trigger a process that converts a type of cholesterol into vitamin D3.
Your liver and kidneys then activate it into the form your body can use.
The challenge? If you live in a northern climate like the UK or much of the northern US, the sun's rays aren't strong enough between October and March to trigger this process.
Factors like skin tone, age, and sunscreen use can also affect how much vitamin D you produce. This is where food becomes especially important.
Which foods contain vitamin D?
There are only a few sources of vitamin D, and we’ll outline them below:
Fatty fish
Fatty fish like salmon, trout, sardines, and herring are some of the best food sources of vitamin D.
A serving of wild-caught salmon provides well over half of your recommended daily amount, plus it's packed with omega-3 fatty acids for brain health.
Baked or pan-fried fillets make a quick main meal, like this easy harissa roast salmon, but canned fish works just as well. Canned sardines on whole-grain toast or tossed through a salad make a simple, nutritious lunch.
Mushrooms (UV exposed)
Mushrooms are unique: They can produce vitamin D when exposed to UV light, just like we do.
In fact, they can make it in such large quantities that a single serving can exceed your recommended daily intake.
Wild mushrooms like chanterelles get natural sun exposure while growing, but you can boost the vitamin D content of store-bought mushrooms by leaving them on a sunny windowsill for 20–120 minutes before cooking.
Mushrooms are incredibly versatile: sauté them with garlic for toast or a side dish, toss them into stir-fries, or add them to soups and stews. They work brilliantly as a meat substitute in many dishes, too.
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Eggs
Eggs contain a modest amount of vitamin D. While they won't meet your full daily needs, they're something many people eat regularly, so they add up over time.
Vitamin D is found only in the yolk, so make sure to opt for whole eggs rather than just whites.
Try scrambled eggs on toast, jammy Turkish eggs, a vegetable frittata, or simply boil a few for a protein-rich snack.
Fortified foods like cereals and juice
Some processed foods, like breakfast cereals and orange juice, are fortified with vitamin D.
The amounts vary between brands, and while these can contribute to your intake, it's best not to rely on processed foods as your main source.
Include them occasionally if they fit into your diet, but prioritize whole food sources where possible.
Liver and red meat
Red meat and liver do contain some vitamin D, though you'll want to eat these in moderation.
Evidence shows that too much red meat can increase your risk of colorectal cancer.
The good news is that because vitamin D is fat-soluble, your body can store it, so you don't need to eat these foods daily to benefit. Try a 50:50 bolognese made with half ground beef and half lentils for a healthier balance.
What about vitamin D supplements?
While a food-first approach is ideal, vitamin D is one of the few nutrients where supplementation genuinely makes sense for some people — especially if you get limited sun exposure, have darker skin, are over 65, or spend most of your time indoors.
The challenge? The evidence on what supplements actually achieve is more nuanced than you might expect.
Recent large-scale trials, including the landmark VITAL study, found that vitamin D supplements don't prevent fractures or falls in generally healthy adults.
This doesn't mean vitamin D isn't essential — it absolutely is — but supplementing above and beyond true deficiency may not offer any extra benefits.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends 600 IU (15 micrograms) daily for most adults, and 800 IU (20 micrograms) for adults over 70.
Many health experts suggest that people in northern climates consider taking a supplement during fall and winter, when sunlight is too weak to trigger vitamin D production.
If your doctor has recommended a supplement, follow their advice.
Just remember: when it comes to vitamin D, more isn't better, and excessive doses can actually increase fall risk and cause serious side effects, including calcium buildup in the blood.
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Summary
Vitamin D is essential for your bones, muscles, immune system, and overall health.
While your body can make it from sunlight, many factors, including where you live, the time of year, and how much time you spend outdoors, can limit production.
Some foods do contain vitamin D, but the list isn't long. Fatty fish like salmon, trout, and sardines are the richest natural sources.
UV-exposed mushrooms, egg yolks, and fortified foods and drinks can also contribute.
For most people, a food-first approach, combined with sensible sun exposure, is enough to support healthy vitamin D levels.
But if you live in a northern climate, have limited sun exposure, or your doctor has recommended it, a moderate supplement during fall and winter makes sense.
FAQs
What food is highest in vitamin D?
Fatty fish are the richest natural food sources of vitamin D. Wild-caught salmon tops the list, with a single serving providing well over half of your recommended daily amount.
Rainbow trout, mackerel, sardines, and herring are also excellent choices.
Which fruit is highest in vitamin D?
Fruits are not a significant natural source of vitamin D. However, some orange juices are fortified with vitamin D.
If you're looking for vitamin D from plant-based whole foods, UV-exposed mushrooms are a much better bet than fruit.
What drinks are highest in vitamin D?
No drinks naturally contain vitamin D. The only ones that do have been fortified, meaning vitamin D has been added during production.
Most commonly, these are cow's milk, plant-based milks like soy, almond, or oat, and orange juice.
These can be an easy way to boost your intake as part of your daily routine. Just be mindful of orange juice: while convenient, it's high in sugar, which isn't ideal for your blood sugar levels or dental health.
